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Zhao Heng, 1, * Zhang Lidan, 2, * Liu Lifang, 1 Li Chunqing, 3 Song Weili, 3 Peng Yongyang, 1 Zhang Yunliang, 1 Li Dan 41 Endocrinology Laboratory, First Baoding Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071000;2 Baoding Keʻena mua o ka Nuclear Medicine, Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei 071000;3 Keʻena maʻi waho o Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071000;4 Ke Keʻena Ophthalmology, Halemai Hoʻohui o Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000 *Ua hāʻawi like kēia mau mea kākau i kēia hana.ʻO ka mea kākau kūpono: Li Dan, Keʻena Ophthalmology, Hebei University Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, 071000 Tel +86 189 31251885 Fax +86 031 25981539 Email [email protected] Zhang Yunliang Endocrinology Laboratory, Baoding People's '0 Central Hospital, Baoding 0 Central Hospital. Lepupalika o Kina Tel +86 151620373737373737375axe Email protected ] Ke kumu: Ke manaʻo nei kēia noiʻi e wehewehe i nā pae o ka hemoglobin glycosylated (HbA1c), D-dimer (DD) a me fibrinogen (FIB) i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka retinopathy diabetic (DR).Ke ʻano: Ua koho ʻia he 61 mau maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi, i loaʻa i kā mākou ʻoihana mai Nowemapa 2017 a Mei 2019.Wahi a nā hopena o ke kiʻi kālā non-mydriatic a me ka fundus angiography, ua māhele ʻia nā mea maʻi i ʻekolu mau pūʻulu, ʻo ia ka hui non-DR (NDR) (n=23), pūʻulu non-proliferative DR (NPDR) (n=17) a me ka proliferative. DR (PDR) pūʻulu (n=21).Aia pū kekahi pūʻulu hoʻomalu o 20 poʻe i hoʻāʻo maikaʻi ʻole no ka maʻi diabetes.E ana a hoʻohālikelike i nā pae HbA1c, DD a me FIB.Nā hualoaʻa: ʻO ka awelika waiwai o HbA1c he 6.8% (5.2%, 7.7%), 7.4% (5.8%, 9.0%) a me 8.5% (6.3%), 9.7%) i nā hui NDR, NPDR a me PDR. .ʻO 4.9% ka waiwai hoʻomalu (4.1%, 5.8%).Hōʻike kēia mau hopena he nui nā ʻokoʻa helu ma waena o nā hui.Ma nā pūʻulu NDR, NPDR, a me PDR, ʻo ka awelika waiwai o DD he 0.39 ± 0.21 mg/L, 1.06 ± 0.54 mg/L, a me 1.39 ± 0.59 mg/L.ʻO ka hopena o ka hui hoʻomalu he 0.36 ± 0.17 mg / L.ʻO nā waiwai o ka pūʻulu NPDR a me ka pūʻulu PDR iʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ko ka hui NDR a me ka pūʻulu mana, a uaʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pūʻulu PDR ma mua o ka hui NPDR, e hōʻike ana he nui kaʻokoʻa ma waena o nā hui. (P<0.001).ʻO nā kumukūʻai maʻamau o FIB ma nā hui NDR, NPDR, a me PDR he 3.07 ± 0.42 g/L, 4.38 ± 0.54 g/L, a me 4.46 ± 1.09 g/L.ʻO ka hopena o ka pūʻulu mana he 2.97 ± 0.67 g / L.ʻO kaʻokoʻa ma waena o nā pūʻulu he mea nui (P <0.05).Ka hopena: Uaʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke koko HbA1c, DD, a me FIB i ka hui PDR ma mua o nā mea i loko o ka hui NPDR.Hua'ōlelo: glycosylated hemoglobin, HbA1c, D-dimer, DD, fibrinogen, FIB, diabetic retinopathy, DR, microangiopathy
ʻO ka maʻi diabetes mellitus (DM) ua lilo i maʻi he nui i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, a hiki i kāna mau pilikia ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi ʻōnaehana lehulehu, a ma waena o ka microangiopathy ke kumu nui o ka make i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi.ʻO 1 Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ka hōʻailona nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka glucose koko, e hōʻike nui ana i ka pae koko glucose o nā maʻi i nā mahina mua ʻelua a ʻekolu paha, a ua lilo ia i kumu gula i ʻike ʻia ma ka honua no ka nānā ʻana i ka glucose koko lōʻihi o ka maʻi diabetes. .I ka ho'āʻo hana coagulation, hiki i ka D-dimer (DD) ke hoʻohālikelike i ka hyperfibrinolysis lua a me ka hypercoagulability i ke kino, ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o ka thrombosis.Hiki i ka Fibrinogen (FIB) ke hōʻike i ke kūlana prethrombotic i ke kino.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e kū nei i ka nānā ʻana i ka hana coagulation a me ka HbA1c o nā mea maʻi me ka DM he kuleana i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka holomua o nā hoʻopiʻi maʻi, 2,3 ʻoi aku ka microangiopathy.4 ʻO ka maʻi maʻi retinopathy (DR) kekahi o nā pilikia microvascular maʻamau a me ke kumu nui o ka makapō diabetic.ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o nā ʻano hoʻokolohua ʻekolu ma luna nei he maʻalahi lākou e hana a kaulana nui ʻia i nā hoʻonohonoho lāʻau lapaʻau.Ke nānā nei kēia haʻawina i nā waiwai HbA1c, DD, a me FIB o nā maʻi me nā degere like ʻole o DR, a hoʻohālikelike iā lākou me nā hopena o nā mea maʻi DM non-DR a me nā mea nānā kino non-DM, no laila e ʻimi i ke ʻano o ka HbA1c, DD. a me FIB.Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo FIB e nānā i ka hanana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o DR.
Ua koho ʻia kēia haʻawina he 61 mau maʻi maʻi maʻi (122 mau maka) i mālama ʻia ma ka ʻoihana outpatient o Baoding First Central Hospital mai Nowemapa 2017 a hiki i Mei 2019. ʻO nā pae hoʻohui o nā mea maʻi: ʻo nā maʻi maʻi diabetes i ʻike ʻia e like me ka "Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Type. 2 Diabetes in China (2017)", a me nā kumuhana hoʻokolohua kino olakino no ka maʻi diabetes.ʻO nā pae hoʻohālikelike e like me kēia: (1) nā maʻi hāpai;(2) nā maʻi me ka prediabetes;(3) nā maʻi ma lalo o 14 makahiki;(4) aia nā hopena lāʻau kūikawā, e like me ka noi hou ʻana o nā glucocorticoids.Wahi a kā lākou kiʻi non-mydriatic fundus a me nā hopena fluorescein fundus angiography, ua māhele ʻia nā mea komo i ʻekolu mau pūʻulu: ʻO ka hui non-DR (NDR) he 23 mau maʻi (46 mau maka), 11 kāne, 12 wahine, a me 43 makahiki. 76 makahiki.Makahiki, awelika makahiki 61.78±6.28 makahiki;non-proliferative DR (NPDR) hui, 17 hihia (34 maka), 10 kane a me 7 wahine, 47-70 makahiki, awelika makahiki 60.89±4.27 makahiki;proliferative DR ( He 21 mau hihia (42 maka) i loko o ka PDR hui, me 9 kane a me 12 wahine, makahiki 51-73 makahiki, me ka awelika makahiki o 62.24±7.91 makahiki. He 20 kanaka (40 maka) ma ka ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka pūʻulu hoʻomalu no ka maʻi diabetes, me 8 mau kāne a me 12 wahine, 50-75 mau makahiki, me ka awelika makahiki o 64.54 ± 3.11 mau makahiki. ʻAʻole loaʻa nā maʻi āpau i nā maʻi macrovascular paʻakikī e like me ka maʻi naʻau coronary a me ka infarction cerebral, a me ka trauma hou. ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana, ka maʻi maʻi, nā maʻi maʻi ʻino a i ʻole nā maʻi kūlohelohe ākea ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻokō nā mea maʻi DR i nā koina diagnostic i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka Ophthalmology Division o ka Ophthalmology Branch a me ka Hui Lapaʻau Kina.5 Ua hoʻohana mākou i kahi kāmeʻa non-mydriatic fundus (Canon CR-2, Tokyo, Iapana) e hoʻopaʻa i ka pou hope o ka waihona kālā o ka mea maʻi.A kiʻi i kahi kiʻi fundus 30°–45°.Hāʻawi kekahi ophthalmologist i hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻia i kahi hōʻike hōʻike hōʻike i kākau ʻia ma muli o nā kiʻi.Ma ka hihia o DR, e hoʻohana i ka Heidelberg Retinal Angiography-2 (HRA-2) (Heidelberg Engineering Company, Kelemānia) no ka fundus angiography, a hoʻohana i ʻehiku-field early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) fluorescein angiography (FA) e hōʻoia i ka NPDR a i ʻole. PDR.Wahi a ka poʻe i hōʻike i ka neovascularization retinal, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea komo i nā hui NPDR a me PDR.Ua kapa inoa ʻia nā maʻi maʻi diabetes non-DR ma ke ʻano he hui NDR;ʻO nā poʻe maʻi i hoʻāʻo maikaʻi ʻole no ka maʻi diabetes i manaʻo ʻia he pūʻulu hoʻomalu.
I ke kakahiaka, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka 1.8 mL o ke koko venous wikiwiki a waiho ʻia i loko o kahi paipu anticoagulation.Ma hope o 2 mau hola, centrifuge no 20 mau minuke e ʻike i ka pae HbA1c.
I ke kakahiaka, 1.8 mL o ka hookeai venous koko ua ohi ia, injected i loko o ka anticoagulation paipu, a centrifuged no 10 min.A laila hoʻohana ʻia ka supernatant no ka ʻike DD a me FIB.
Hoʻokō ʻia ka ʻike HbA1c me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Beckman AU5821 ʻano loiloi biochemical a me kāna mau mea hoʻolale kākoʻo.ʻO ka waiwai o ka maʻi diabetes> 6.20%, ka waiwai maʻamau he 3.00% ~ 6.20%.
Ua hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo DD a me FIB me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka STA Compact Max® mīkini hoʻoponopono coagulation (Stago, Farani) a me kāna mea kākoʻo.ʻO nā koina kuhikuhi maikaʻi ʻo DD> 0.5 mg / L a me FIB> 4 g / L, aʻo nā kumu maʻamau ʻo DD ≤ 0.5 mg / L a me FIB 2-4 g / L.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka polokalamu polokalamu SPSS Statistics (v.11.5) e hoʻoponopono i nā hopena;ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻikepili ma ke ʻano he mean±standard deviation (±s).Ma muli o ka ho'āʻo maʻamau, ua kūlike ka ʻikepili i luna me ka puʻunaue maʻamau.Ua hana ʻia ka nānā ʻana o ka ʻano like ʻole ma nā pūʻulu ʻehā o HbA1c, DD, a me FIB.Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā pae koʻikoʻi o DD a me FIB;Hōʻike ka P <0.05 he koʻikoʻi ka ʻokoʻa.
ʻO nā makahiki o nā kumuhana ma ka hui NDR, ka pūʻulu NPDR, ka pūʻulu PDR, a me ka pūʻulu mana he 61.78±6.28, 60.89±4.27, 62.24±7.91, a me 64.54±3.11 makahiki.Ua puunaue ma'amau ka makahiki ma hope o ka ho'ā'o puana ma'amau.Ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻokoʻa hoʻokahi o ka ʻokoʻa i ka ʻokoʻa (P=0.157) (Papa 1).
Papa 1 Ka hoʻohālikelike o nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau a me nā ophthalmological ma waena o ka pūʻulu hoʻomalu a me nā hui NDR, NPDR a me PDR.
ʻO ka awelika HbA1c o ka hui NDR, ka pūʻulu NPDR, ka pūʻulu PDR a me ka pūʻulu mana he 6.58 ± 0.95%, 7.45 ± 1.21%, 8.04 ± 1.81% a me 4.53 ± 0.41%.Hāʻawi ʻia nā HbA1cs o kēia mau pūʻulu ʻehā a hoʻāʻo ʻia e ka puʻunaue maʻamau.Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa hoʻokahi ala, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻokoʻa (P<0.001) (Papa 2).ʻO nā hoʻohālikelike hou aʻe ma waena o nā hui ʻehā i hōʻike i nā ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā hui (P<0.05) (Table 3).
ʻO nā kumukūʻai maʻamau o DD i ka hui NDR, pūʻulu NPDR, pūʻulu PDR, a me ka pūʻulu mana he 0.39±0.21mg/L, 1.06±0.54mg/L, 1.39±0.59mg/L a me 0.36±0.17mg/L, pakahi.Māhele maʻamau a hoʻāʻo ʻia nā DD āpau e ka puʻunaue maʻamau.Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa hoʻokahi ala, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻokoʻa (P<0.001) (Papa 2).Ma o ka hoʻohālikelike hou ʻana o nā pūʻulu ʻehā, hōʻike nā hopena i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā waiwai o ka hui NPDR a me ka pūʻulu PDR ma mua o ka hui NDR a me ka pūʻulu mana, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai o ka pūʻulu PDR ma mua o ka hui NPDR. , e hōʻike ana he mea nui kaʻokoʻa ma waena o nā hui (P<0.05).Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i koʻikoʻi ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka pūʻulu NDR a me ka pūʻulu mana (P>0.05) (Table 3).
ʻO ka FIB maʻamau o ka hui NDR, ka hui NPDR, ka pūʻulu PDR a me ka pūʻulu mana he 3.07 ± 0.42 g / L, 4.38 ± 0.54 g / L, 4.46 ± 1.09 g / L a me 2.97 ± 0.67 g / L.ʻO ka FIB o kēia mau pūʻulu ʻehā Hōʻike i kahi puʻunaue maʻamau me kahi hōʻike hoʻohele maʻamau.Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa hoʻokahi ala, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻokoʻa (P<0.001) (Papa 2).ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike hou aʻe ma waena o nā pūʻulu ʻehā i hōʻike ʻia ua ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā waiwai o ka pūʻulu NPDR a me ka pūʻulu PDR ma mua o ko ka pūʻulu NDR a me ka pūʻulu mana, e hōʻike ana he koʻikoʻi nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā hui (P<0.05).Eia naʻe,ʻaʻohe mea likeʻole ma waena o ka hui NPDR a me ka hui PDR, a me ka NDR a me ka pūʻulu mana (P> 0.05) (Table 3).
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka maʻi maʻi diabetes i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a ua piʻi pū ka maʻi o DR.ʻO DR ke kumu maʻamau o ka makapō i kēia manawa.6 Hiki i nā loli koʻikoʻi o ke koko glucose (BG)/suka ke hoʻoulu i kahi kūlana hypercoagulable o ke koko, e alakaʻi ana i kahi ʻano o nā pilikia vascular.7 No laila, e nānā i ka pae BG a me ke kūlana coagulation o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o DR, makemake nui nā mea noiʻi ma Kina a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
Ke hui pū ʻia ka hemoglobin i loko o ke koko ʻulaʻula me ke kō koko, hoʻopuka ʻia ka hemoglobin glycosylated, ka mea maʻamau e hōʻike i ka hoʻokele koko koko o ka mea maʻi i nā pule 8-12 mua.He lohi ka hana ʻana o ka HbA1c, akā ke hoʻopau ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki ke wāwahi ʻia;No laila, kōkua kona hele ʻana i ka nānā ʻana i ka glucose koko.8 Hiki i ka hyperglycemia lōʻihi ke hoʻololi i ka vascular vascular, akā he hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻo HbAlc no ke kiʻekiʻe o ka glucose i ke koko i nā poʻe maʻi maʻi maʻi.ʻAʻole hōʻike wale ka pae HbAlc i ke kō koko koko, akā pili pū kekahi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō koko.Pili ia i nā pilikia maʻi maʻi e like me ka maʻi microvascular a me ka maʻi macrovascular.10 Ma kēia haʻawina, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka HbAlc o nā maʻi me nā ʻano like ʻole o DR.Ua hōʻike nā hopena i nā waiwai o ka hui NPDR a me ka pūʻulu PDR i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hui NDR a me ka pūʻulu mana, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai o ka hui PDR ma mua o ka hui NPDR.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hou i ka wā e piʻi mau ai nā pae HbA1c, pili ia i ka hiki o ka hemoglobin e hoʻopaʻa a lawe i ka oxygen, a laila pili i ka hana retinal.11 Hoʻonui ʻia nā pae HbA1c me ka piʻi ʻana o nā pilikia o ka maʻi diabetes, 12 a me ka emi ʻana o nā pae HbA1c hiki ke hōʻemi i ka pilikia o DR.13 Uaʻikeʻia kahi et al.14 he kiʻekiʻe loa ka pae HbA1c o nā maʻi DR ma mua o nā maʻi NDR.I nā poʻe maʻi DR, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā maʻi PDR, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā pae o BG a me HbA1c, a i ka piʻi ʻana o nā pae o BG a me HbA1c, piʻi ka degere o ka hōʻino ʻike i nā maʻi.15 Ua kūlike ka noiʻi ma luna me kā mākou hopena.Eia nō naʻe, hoʻopili ʻia nā pae HbA1c e nā mea e like me ka anemia, ke ola hemoglobin, ka makahiki, ka hāpai ʻana, ka lāhui, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i nā loli wikiwiki o ka glucose koko i loko o kahi manawa pōkole, a he "hopena lohi".No laila, manaʻo kekahi poʻe ʻepekema he mau palena kona waiwai kuhikuhi.16
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona pathological o DR he retinal neovascularization a me ke koko-retinal barrier pōʻino;akā naʻe, paʻakikī ke ʻano o ka maʻi diabetes i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o DR.Ke manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia nei ʻo ka pōʻino hana o nā ʻiʻo maʻemaʻe a me nā cell endothelial a me ka hana fibrinolytic abnormal o nā capillaries retinal nā kumu maʻamau ʻelua o nā maʻi me ka retinopathy diabetic.17 He hōʻailona koʻikoʻi paha ka loli o ka hana coagulation no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka retinopathy.ʻO ka holomua o ka microangiopathy diabetic.I ka manawa like, ʻo DD kahi huahana hoʻohaʻahaʻa kikoʻī o ka fibrinolytic enzyme i cross-linked fibrin, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoholo wikiwiki, maʻalahi, a me ke kumu kūʻai pono i ka neʻe ʻana o DD i loko o ka plasma.Ma muli o kēia a me nā pono ʻē aʻe, hana maʻamau ka hoʻāʻo DD.Uaʻikeʻia kēia haʻawina uaʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hui NPDR a me ka hui PDR ma mua o ka hui NDR a me ka pūʻulu hoʻomalu ma ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i ka waiwai DD maʻamau, aʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hui PDR ma mua o ka hui NPDR.ʻO kekahi haʻawina Kina e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole e loli ka hana coagulation o ka poʻe maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi;akā naʻe, inā he maʻi microvascular ka mea maʻi, e loli nui ka hana coagulation.4 I ka piʻi ʻana o ka degradation DR, piʻi mālie ka pae DD a hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o nā maʻi PDR.18 Ua kūlike kēia ʻike me nā hopena o ka noiʻi o kēia manawa.
ʻO ka Fibrinogen kahi hōʻailona o ke kūlana hypercoagulable a me ka emi ʻana o ka hana fibrinolytic, a ʻo kona piʻi ʻana e hoʻopilikia nui i ka coagulation koko a me ka hemorheology.He mea mua ia o ka thrombosis, a ʻo FIB i loko o ke koko o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi he kumu nui ia no ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka mokuʻāina hypercoagulable i ka plasma diabetic.ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā koina FIB maʻamau i kēia haʻawina e hōʻike ana i nā waiwai o nā pūʻulu NPDR a me PDR ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā waiwai o ka NDR a me nā pūʻulu mana.Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi haʻawina ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pae FIB o nā maʻi DR ma mua o ka poʻe maʻi NDR, e hōʻike ana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka pae FIB i kekahi hopena i ka hanana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o DR a hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i kona holomua;akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i pau nā mīkini kikoʻī i pili i kēia kaʻina hana.maopopo.19,20
Kūlike nā hopena i luna me kēia haʻawina.Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka ʻike hui ʻana o DD a me FIB hiki ke nānā a nānā i nā loli i ke kūlana hypercoagulable o ke kino a me ka hemorheology, kahi kūpono i ka ʻike mua, ka mālama ʻana a me ka prognosis o ka maʻi diabetes type 2 me ka maʻi diabetes.ʻO Microangiopathy 21
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia aia kekahi mau palena i ka noiʻi o kēia manawa e pili ana i nā hopena.No ka mea he haʻawina interdisciplinary kēia, ua kaupalena ʻia ka helu o nā maʻi i makemake e hoʻopaʻa i ka ophthalmology a me nā hoʻāʻo koko i ka wā aʻo.Eia kekahi, ʻo kekahi poʻe maʻi e koi ana i ka fundus fluorescein angiography pono e hoʻomalu i ko lākou koko koko a pono e loaʻa kahi moʻolelo o nā allergies ma mua o ka hoʻokolokolo.ʻO ka hōʻole ʻana i ka nānā hou ʻana, ua lilo nā mea komo.No laila, liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka hāpana.E hoʻomau mākou e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka laʻana nānā i nā haʻawina e hiki mai ana.Eia kekahi, hana wale ʻia nā nānā maka ma ke ʻano he hui qualitative;ʻAʻole hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua quantitative hou, e like me ka optical coherence tomography ana o ka mānoanoa macular a i ʻole nā hoʻāʻo ʻike.ʻO ka hope loa, hōʻike kēia haʻawina i kahi nānā cross-sectional a ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻike i nā loli i ke kaʻina hana maʻi;Pono nā haʻawina i ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka nānā ʻana.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, aia nā ʻokoʻa nui i ke koko HbA1c, DD, a me FIB i nā maʻi me nā degere like ʻole o ka DM.Uaʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke koko o nā pūʻulu NPDR a me PDR ma mua o ka NDR a me nā hui euglycemic.No laila, i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi, hiki i ka ʻike hui ʻana o HbA1c, DD, a me FIB ke hoʻonui i ka nui o ka ʻike ʻana o ka pōʻino microvascular mua i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka loiloi o ka pilikia o nā pilikia microvascular, a kōkua i ka ʻike mua ʻana o ka maʻi diabetes. me ka retinopathy.
Ua ʻae ʻia kēia haʻawina e ke Kōmike Ethics o ka Halemai Hoʻohui o ke Kulanui ʻo Hebei (helu ʻae ʻia: 2019063) a ua hana ʻia e like me ka Hōʻike o Helsinki.Ua loaʻa ka ʻae kākau ʻike mai nā mea komo a pau.
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Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-21-2021